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曾凯民
最近读了一本《用英语说中国·科技》(上海科学普及出版社),据称是“中国第一部双语百科全书”。但是,我们信手翻来,发现错误比比皆是,可以说每一篇、每一章、每一页都有误译。
正巧,这本书也介绍了“望闻问切”,我们接着昨天的话题,讨论一下我们应该如何用英语介绍“望闻问切”。下面摘引书中这一部分内容:
【标题】
“望闻问切” Observation, Auscultation and Olfaction, Inquiry, Pulse feeling and Palpation
【汉语】
四诊是中医诊察疾病基本方法的合称,包括望诊、闻诊、问诊、切诊,即“望闻问切”。望是观察病人的身体状况,包括面色、舌苔等;闻是听病人的说话、咳嗽、呼息,并嗅其口中或身上是否有异味;问是询问病人症状,以及患病史等;切是用手把脉或按腹部诊察是否有异常。通过四诊,诊察疾病显现在各方面的症状和体征,以了解疾病的病因、性质及其与内脏的联系,为治疗疾病提供充分的依据。望、闻、问、切各有独特的作用,他们之间互相联系、互相补充,不能相互取代。临床必需结合运用,互相参证,才能全面系统的了解病情,称为四诊合参。
【英语】
The four methods of diagnosis are a general term used by the doctors of the traditional Chinese medicine for the basic methods of diagnosing illness, including diagnosis though observation, diagnosis though auscultation and olfaction, diagnosis though inquiry, and diagnosis though pulse feeling and Palpation,namely “observation, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, pulse feeling and palpation”.The first method of diagnosis means that the doctors observe the physical conditions of the patients, the complexion and tongue coating included. auscultation and olfaction refers to the situation, in which the doctors listen to the words, coughing and breathing of a patient, and sniff whether his mouth or body smells. The third method of diagnosis involves the inquiry into a patient’symptoms, medical history and so on. When it comes to the last method of diagnosis, it means that the doctors diagnose whether there is something wrong with a patient by feeling his pulse or palpating his abdomen. Though the four methods of diagnosis, the symptoms and physical signs of the illnesses manifested in various facets are diagnosed with a view to underatanding the causes or nature of the illnesses as well as their connections with the internal organs, which provides a solid basis for the treatment of the illnesses. The four methods of diagnosis, each being of special significance, are interconnected and complementory; they cannot replce one another. In the clinical medicine, only with a combined application of the four diagnosic methods can a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the physical condition of a patient be gained; this is called “the combined use of the four methods of diagnosis”
【点评】
首先,汉语部分由外行撰写,故不能准确全面科学评价“望闻问切”。举例来说:
“望、闻、问、切各有独特的作用,他们之间互相联系、互相补充,不能相互取代。”
这句话犹如“心电图和脑电图各有独特的作用,他们之间互相联系、互相补充,不能相互取代”一样,一看就知道是外行冒充内行。
“临床必需结合运用,互相参证,才能全面系统的了解病情……”
“望闻问切”是手段,治病救人才是目的,中医是科学,不是巫术,不必强制执行什么仪式和过程。只有时下的黑心医院才让感冒患者做B超CT,以便“临床必需结合运用,互相参证,才能全面系统的了解病情”。
“通过四诊,诊察疾病显现在各方面的症状和体征,以了解疾病的病因、性质及其与内脏的联系,为治疗疾病提供充分的依据。”
这种过头话用在现代医疗技术上都是不妥当的。中医按照阴阳和五行理论对人体器官有“五脏”、“六腑”之分,这也作者做梦都没有想到的。
另外,文中“呼息”是“呼吸”之误。
“疾病的病因”是“疾病的原因”之误。
“他们”是“它们”之误。
“必需”是“必须”之误。
下面我们再来看一看英语译文。这个译文不仅没有弱化,反而放大了汉语版的上述弊端。译文自身的错误也是全方位的,“惨”就一个字。
除了本博主,恐怕世界上再没有第二个人会去读这样的文字。所以我们不拟对它进行逐字逐句的分析和订正了。
回到“望闻问切”的翻译,我们希望在这里给出一个至少令自己满意的译文,为此不得不借鉴昨天我们引用过的《现代汉语词典》(外语教学与研究出版社)的释义与译文。虽然我们做了不少变通,我们还是要声明在先:下面汉语英语文本的知识产权完全属于他们。
望闻问切,中医诊断疾病的方法。望是观察病人的发育情况、面色、舌苔、表情等;闻是听病人的说话声音、咳嗽、喘息,并且嗅出病人的口臭、体臭等气味;问是询问病人自己所感到的症状,以前所患过的病等;切是用手诊脉或按腹部有没有痞块。通常这四种方法结合在一起使用,叫做四诊。
Observation, Olfaction, Inquiry, and Palpation——four methods of diagnosis that are usu. employed together: 1) observation of physique, complexion, tongue fur, expression, voice, cough, breath, etc.; 2)olfaction of halitosis, body odour, etc.; 3) questioning about symptoms, medical history, etc.; 4) palpation including pulse feeling and belly pressing to see if there is any lump in the abdomen
最近读了一本《用英语说中国·科技》(上海科学普及出版社),据称是“中国第一部双语百科全书”。但是,我们信手翻来,发现错误比比皆是,可以说每一篇、每一章、每一页都有误译。
正巧,这本书也介绍了“望闻问切”,我们接着昨天的话题,讨论一下我们应该如何用英语介绍“望闻问切”。下面摘引书中这一部分内容:
【标题】
“望闻问切” Observation, Auscultation and Olfaction, Inquiry, Pulse feeling and Palpation
【汉语】
四诊是中医诊察疾病基本方法的合称,包括望诊、闻诊、问诊、切诊,即“望闻问切”。望是观察病人的身体状况,包括面色、舌苔等;闻是听病人的说话、咳嗽、呼息,并嗅其口中或身上是否有异味;问是询问病人症状,以及患病史等;切是用手把脉或按腹部诊察是否有异常。通过四诊,诊察疾病显现在各方面的症状和体征,以了解疾病的病因、性质及其与内脏的联系,为治疗疾病提供充分的依据。望、闻、问、切各有独特的作用,他们之间互相联系、互相补充,不能相互取代。临床必需结合运用,互相参证,才能全面系统的了解病情,称为四诊合参。
【英语】
The four methods of diagnosis are a general term used by the doctors of the traditional Chinese medicine for the basic methods of diagnosing illness, including diagnosis though observation, diagnosis though auscultation and olfaction, diagnosis though inquiry, and diagnosis though pulse feeling and Palpation,namely “observation, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, pulse feeling and palpation”.The first method of diagnosis means that the doctors observe the physical conditions of the patients, the complexion and tongue coating included. auscultation and olfaction refers to the situation, in which the doctors listen to the words, coughing and breathing of a patient, and sniff whether his mouth or body smells. The third method of diagnosis involves the inquiry into a patient’symptoms, medical history and so on. When it comes to the last method of diagnosis, it means that the doctors diagnose whether there is something wrong with a patient by feeling his pulse or palpating his abdomen. Though the four methods of diagnosis, the symptoms and physical signs of the illnesses manifested in various facets are diagnosed with a view to underatanding the causes or nature of the illnesses as well as their connections with the internal organs, which provides a solid basis for the treatment of the illnesses. The four methods of diagnosis, each being of special significance, are interconnected and complementory; they cannot replce one another. In the clinical medicine, only with a combined application of the four diagnosic methods can a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the physical condition of a patient be gained; this is called “the combined use of the four methods of diagnosis”
【点评】
首先,汉语部分由外行撰写,故不能准确全面科学评价“望闻问切”。举例来说:
“望、闻、问、切各有独特的作用,他们之间互相联系、互相补充,不能相互取代。”
这句话犹如“心电图和脑电图各有独特的作用,他们之间互相联系、互相补充,不能相互取代”一样,一看就知道是外行冒充内行。
“临床必需结合运用,互相参证,才能全面系统的了解病情……”
“望闻问切”是手段,治病救人才是目的,中医是科学,不是巫术,不必强制执行什么仪式和过程。只有时下的黑心医院才让感冒患者做B超CT,以便“临床必需结合运用,互相参证,才能全面系统的了解病情”。
“通过四诊,诊察疾病显现在各方面的症状和体征,以了解疾病的病因、性质及其与内脏的联系,为治疗疾病提供充分的依据。”
这种过头话用在现代医疗技术上都是不妥当的。中医按照阴阳和五行理论对人体器官有“五脏”、“六腑”之分,这也作者做梦都没有想到的。
另外,文中“呼息”是“呼吸”之误。
“疾病的病因”是“疾病的原因”之误。
“他们”是“它们”之误。
“必需”是“必须”之误。
下面我们再来看一看英语译文。这个译文不仅没有弱化,反而放大了汉语版的上述弊端。译文自身的错误也是全方位的,“惨”就一个字。
除了本博主,恐怕世界上再没有第二个人会去读这样的文字。所以我们不拟对它进行逐字逐句的分析和订正了。
回到“望闻问切”的翻译,我们希望在这里给出一个至少令自己满意的译文,为此不得不借鉴昨天我们引用过的《现代汉语词典》(外语教学与研究出版社)的释义与译文。虽然我们做了不少变通,我们还是要声明在先:下面汉语英语文本的知识产权完全属于他们。
望闻问切,中医诊断疾病的方法。望是观察病人的发育情况、面色、舌苔、表情等;闻是听病人的说话声音、咳嗽、喘息,并且嗅出病人的口臭、体臭等气味;问是询问病人自己所感到的症状,以前所患过的病等;切是用手诊脉或按腹部有没有痞块。通常这四种方法结合在一起使用,叫做四诊。
Observation, Olfaction, Inquiry, and Palpation——four methods of diagnosis that are usu. employed together: 1) observation of physique, complexion, tongue fur, expression, voice, cough, breath, etc.; 2)olfaction of halitosis, body odour, etc.; 3) questioning about symptoms, medical history, etc.; 4) palpation including pulse feeling and belly pressing to see if there is any lump in the abdomen